Working with Leopard and Microsoft Active Directory networks

Dave McCristall's lost the ability to bind to Active Directory after a Leopard update:

I updated one of our Macs to 10.5 from 10.4 (as a test). Users were authenticating through Active Directory, but on this Mac, we've got nothing. I can't seem to get Leopard to bind to the Active Directory server.

Many readers are reporting the inability to bind to Active Directory after upgrading to Leopard that we first reported on Monday. Some are seeing dialogs that report an "unknown error." Others report an error message that says "Invalid user name and password combination." One reader said that his Macs freeze when they attempt binding.

Ryan Gilbert described his experience:

I am having issues with Leopard and Active Directory as well. After upgrading a system that uses AD auth I am no longer able to login with AD user accounts. Logging in with a local account and removing/re-adding to AD does not solve the problem.

I have also tried an erase and install of Leopard. In my case the computers 'seem' to bind to AD, but will not let any users log on using AD user credentials.

Bob DeSilets was able to get a Kereberos ticket:

I'm having the same problems authenticating to the AD domain after upgrading. Here are all the details I can think of:

• I did an Upgrade rather than an Archive and install from a fully patched Tiger installation
• When I first attempted to log in with my mobile account, I got an error message that said that there was a problem creating the mobile account (even though the local directory already existed)
• I logged in to a local admin account, unbound the machine from the AD domain in Directory Utility, and re-bound the machine to the domain. No luck accessing the mobile account.
• I am able to get Kerberos tickets from both the AD domain and our central campus Ticket Granting server

Rob Groome is getting the "unexpected error" messages on multiple Macs:

I have the same issue with binding AD to Leopard. I have an Intel Mac and when I try to bind to the domain, which worked flawlessly on Tiger, I get an error message.

From the Directory Servers Tab under Directory Utility, it says:

Unable to add the domain. An unexpected error of type -14090 (eDSAuthFailed) occurred.

Or, from the Services tab and clicking on Active Directory, I get the following:

Unable to access domain controller. This computer is unable to access the domain controller for an unknown reason.

I love the unknown reason - it's really helpful in troubleshooting! This also happened on two other systems with fresh installs and one with an upgraded install. Same error on all 3 systems.

David Marcus's Macs freeze when they try to bind, and found a workaround, of sorts:

I can relate to your post "Reader can no long bind to AD after Leopard update." As far as we're concerned the bind on the AD literally froze the MacBook Pros concerned (2 different machines) to the point where we had to make a hard reboot. Removing the domain in the Directory Utility removed the issue immediately. The downside is that the users cannot benefit from full AD integration.

We noticed the origin of the problem as the Macs didn't freeze if connected outside the AD's LAN.

Stephane Rossan gets the user name error message:

I upgraded my Mac Pro to Mac OS X 10.5 this morning, and I can not bind to AD. I unbinded it and try to bind it again, but I cannot anymore. I have an error message: Invalid user name and password combination. You provided a user name and password combination that is invalid. You should check the user name and password and try again.

Obviously, I tried multiple times with no success. This morning, the error message was about a time difference between the client and the server.

Jay Rozgonyi found that he could not unbind after the update:

I'm clearly seeing problems with AD binding here at my University. We have our Macs bound to AD for authentication (laptops use mobile accounts), as well as to an Open Directory server for preferences. I left on Friday with my Tiger bound machine, booted into my mobile account at home, and did an Archive and Install of Leopard. I brought over the Network and User Account info, and I was running quite well over the weekend.

When I plugged in back at the office this morning, however, everything went wrong. Authentication was not being passed to AD correctly, and when our Windows guys recommended that I unbind the computer and then bind it again, I found that I was not allowed to unbind! Even a forced unbind (i.e., one not based on my authentication to AD) did not work. I'm now in the process of doing a fresh install of Leopard, bringing nothing over from the previous build or from Tiger, but I'm very reluctant to even attempt to bind to AD. The machine, by the way, is a two week old MacBook.

Fred Steputis:

I've tested 2 clean installs and 1 upgrade so far. Leopard seems to not allow network login when bound to AD. I spent several hours yesterday trying to figure this out. The binding works fine as in 10.4, all settings are the same except the listing of BSD/local as an authentication path on 10.5. I cannot get rid of the BSD listing under Directory Services.

I don't think we will be upgrading anytime soon.

Kenny Red:

I am have a massive amount of difficulty getting my new Leopard upgrade to bind to Active Directory. Every time I try it goes past validating my credentials and then give error "An unknown error occurred".

if you have these issues with Leopard.

Some Leopard users can connect to AD, but not without issues | Top of Page |

A few readers did report being able to connect to Active Directory with Leopard.

Alan Auman said that his logins are "horrendously slow:"

While I've been able to bind my Leopard upgrades to AD, the login for an AD user account takes up to 3 minutes to complete. Disengaging screensavers when using an the AD account credentials also suffers from this delay.

Derrick Rashidi was able to bind after multiple attempts:

I'm having the same issue with some differences. I did manage to get the laptop to bind, however I didn't do anything different. It just decided to bind. I can see the pc in AD when I do a seach, but when I logon to the PC locally (because I cannot logon to the domain) and check the Directory Utility, My AD Domain show the "server is not responding" message. At times this will show Green and the server is responding but still unable to logon to the domain.

Ben Zvan was able to bind as well:

I thought I'd let you know that I'm experiencing a similar problem to that listed on your site. Under 10.4, I was able to grab a Kerberos ticket from our AD server and then connect to AD SMB shares on our network using that ticket. Now, I'm prompted for a password when I try to mount the shares. One of our other tech areas is working on it, but they don't have 10.5 yet.

Readers continue to report problems with Leopard binding to Active Directory networks. One reader got it to work after multiple binding/unbindings. Another reports seeing it with Micrsoft's Services for Unix. One reader saw the same problem with the Leopard betas.

But first, Erik Ableson has a suggestion:

I've had no problems joining an AD domain after the Leopard update. I did have to delete the original AD Directory Services entry after upgrading and rejoin later since it really didn't like not being able to resolve the domain since I did the upgrade from home. General recommendation would be to leave the domain before upgrading and rejoin after the update.

if this worked for you.

Rick Shields had it working until he moved it to a mobile user account. Then he got it to work after multiple binds and unbinds:

Everything at first was perfect. I did a clean install and within minutes had the machine logged into AD 2 days. (I hadn't set it up to be a mobile user yet either.) Today, I decided that it looked good enough and moveed it to a mobile user account. I went to the directory utility and unbind. No issue. Made the change to allow the mobile account when connecting. Rebind. All lookd well, but I couldn't log in.

The window showed that the AD server was responding correctly and everything looked normal. But it didn't work. I could unbind/rebind with no issues, but no user could log in, not even my domain admin account.

Now, after multiple bind/unbinds and restarts it has started working again. I get my AD users to log in. Suggests to me that there is something holding onto something or something on the Mac when you unbind/bind.

Josh Warren blames the new Active Directory plugin:

I am just writing to confirm that I, too, have run into the problem of trying to get a 10.5 OSX (Leopard) iMac and Mac Book Pro to bind to AD. I don't think it matters whether it is a clean install or an upgrade. I want to say it is just an issue with the new AD plug-in Apple has issued with the new OS.

Carl sees the problem with the Macs accessing Services for Unix on the Windows server:

I'm also experiencing this. I however, am using MS Services for Unix and so have Directory Access in Mac OS X treating AD as regular LDAPv3 server. It worked great with Tiger, but after the upgrade to Leopard I can no longer find any AD users. It has something to do with its search path (I think) since the Directory Access program says the server is responding fine.

An anonymous reader saw this problem with the Leopard Beta. He also describes the symptoms:

I submitted a bug report on Leopard beta regarding AD binding and account creation months ago. This was for Leopard 9A559 and before, and it looks like it still exists in 9A581, the Golden Master shipping version. Apple knew knew full well that AD binding is not working.

Go back to Tiger 10.4.10. This is the very reason we are not on Leopard and won't be until Apple fixes this.

Here's the bug: you can indeed bind to AD via the Directory Utility. It reports as "AD Server Responding Normally." Log out or restart, it does not matter. You get the "Red Ball" at the OS X Login Window (meaning you have no connected directory servers, AD or OD, it should be a green ball).

You go to login with your AD user name / password and the Window just shakes, no dice, no login, never creates your AD network account (which is really local).

Readers are reporting more buggy behavior with Mac OS X 10.5.0 Leopard on Active Directory networks. Many readers have previously reported problems with binding to Leopard to Active Directory. Today, we have readers reporting some other strange behavior surrounding AD binding.

Leslie Wong verified a previous report of very slow AD connections, but offered an odd workaround. She also reports a problem waking from sleep:

I have two Macs in a Windows Server 2003 environment (a ".local" domain) and was able to bind to the AD after a clean install of Leopard. But logins, like Alan Auman's, were "horrendously slow." Also, any operation that required administrator authentication were similarly slow.

I found, in the Apple discussions, that turning off Bonjour immediately stopped the problem. Logins were as fast as they were in Tiger. But turning off Bonjour caused other problems, such as not being able to start Aperture.

I also noticed a problem that when the Leopard machine wakes from Sleep, it was not always able to communicate with the domain. The Directory Utility would indicate that the ADD was not responding normally and a reboot was required for it to be "responding normally" again.

Justin Rummel found a way to log in using a mobile account:

My AD experience with Leopard has been interesting. After a clean install on my MacBook Pro, I was able to bind to AD but forgot to select "mobile account" check box, thus not being able to use the MBP at home. I returned to the office the following day, checked the box and was working fine until I restarted. My username and password (both as entry fields) never authenticated. It wasn't until I used my local admin user (that was established on install) and used "Switch Users" that I was able to login successfully. The difference, the username was preselected for me. I switched the login form to be a list of users so I only have to type in a password. Everything is working as expected.

Eric Lukens said that Leopard does not authenticate accounts that are in sub-domains, which he suspects is a bug:

We've identified that Leopard does not authenticate accounts that are in sub-domains. We have a main domain forest with several sub-domains. The computer can be bound to any of the sub-domains or the main forest, but only accounts in the main forest will successfully log in. We've looked at the Directory Service debug logs, and the Leopard machine seems to find the account in the sub-domain, but doesn't not complete authentication. Also, Directory.app will only show names from the main forest, not the sub-domains.

So far we've been successful with accounts that are part of the top-level forest. Since the option exists in Directory Utility to "Allow authentication from any domain in the forest," I'd say this is a bug that should/will be fixed.

David Troup's discovered an odd bug:

I've just installed Mac OS 10.5 for the second time on the same machine, I can't get it to log onto the AD, even though it creates the computer account.

I've have found a nice little bug though, if you have the Mac connected to the AD and logged into the Mac as a local admin you can't create user accounts, it creates the home directory but not the user; as soon as you disable the AD then you can create as many accounts as you like.

Corwin Ip can't log in with his Windows account info:

On one machine, I did a Leopard upgrade, and could not login with my Windows account info. I logged in as a local admin and had to force unbind. There were no problems binding it back to AD, but still cannot login with my Windows account even though I had to use it to add the machine to the Windows domain.

The second machine was a clean install, same thing as first, except without the unbinding problem because it was never on the domain to begin with.

MGM, a Leopard beta tester, said that Active Directory was broken in the pre-release versions of Leopard:

In Leopard build 9A559, binding to Active Directory 2003 was not totally working. You could bind to AD, in Directory Utility, but it was then useless. Upon logout and when attempting to login/authenticate to AD for the first time and thus create your local profile, no go, the OS X login window just shakes, no login. The bug was filed, let's hope it is fixed in a shipping Leopard.

Jason Sheridan:

I am having this same issue with upgrading and with a clean install.

Brad Ong reported that the Mac OS X 10.5.1 updated did not fix Leopard's Active Directory binding problems. Turning off Bonjour, as another reader recommended, also did not help. In his report, Ong describes the procedure he used:

I did update the MBP to 10.5.1. It doesn't help. Brand new MacBook Pro, 2 weeks old. I've been administering Windows since NT4.

When I didn't bind the MacBook Pro to the directory, I was able to use Keychain to see my Windows server shares. Was able to get the MacBook Pro to use my Windows 2003 print server, and I was able to get Entourage to use Exchange to download my mail.

Started binding to AD and set it up according to the common procedures in the forums: Set up Directory Utility services with Create mobile account at login, Require confirmation. Use UNC path, all checked under "User Experience", set the preferred server to my main domain controller under "Administration". Clicked on Bind and the MacBook Pro was added to the domain.

The MacBook Pro showed up in the Active Directory Users and Computers. Showed up in DNS. I had to create a reverse pointer record.

So, the Active Directory plugin is enabled, "domain.local" shows up in the Directory Servers tab, all my computers show up in Finder "Shared." Printers still work well. Windows shares still work. Directory now shows all the users in my Active Directory listings. When using Accounts in System Preferences, the "Allow remote users to login" is checked and the Active Directory user names show up for "Allow these users to login".

Then I log off, click on login and the "Other." The login name shows up as expected.

Here's the problem: I enter all variations of domain\username, username@domain.local, etc. but all I get is the login screen shaking at me.

I tried the disabling of Bonjour as recommended at MacWindows, but that didn't help.

I tried restarting the laptop but that only makes the "Other" login name listing disappear. Then when I try to logon with my local admin account it takes forever. Sometimes I have to hold the power button down to shut off the MBP then power back up. This may allow me to login with the local admin account in a reasonable amount of time.

If I unbind the MBP from the domain, everything gets back to being really quick and snappy.

Toni Weurlander of Finland avoided problems with Leopard 10.5.1 by NOT connecting in 10.5.0:

I just installed a new MacBook Pro freshly with Leopard, updated it to 10.5.1 and bind it to our AD. Everything just worked like it did on Tiger. Never tried to bind it with 10.5.0. All SMB shares seem to work as expected.

Benn Kovco verified a suggestion from another reader for getting Leopard 10.5.1 to bind to Active Directory:

I've managed to get solid, functional AD connectivity after experiencing all of the issues describe in various forums. I finally got it to work by following Toni Weurlander's suggestion at MacWindows.

This worked for me, taking care NOT to even attempt to bind AD while still on 10.5.0. I posted more at the Apple Discussion forums.

Stephanie Renken reported that Leopard's Active Directory problems were not fixed with Apple's 10.5.1 update:

I upgraded my AD bound Tiger laptop to Leopard, and could not log in after the upgrade unless I unplugged my network cable. I unbound the machine to get past this issue, and have never been able to rebind it using my credentials. I get the "Invalid user name and password combination” error. However, another admin user can bind my computer with no error. I'm now running 10.5.1 and still cannot bind this computer using my credentials.

Jem Dowse in London was given some advice about getting Apple to fix Leopard's Active Directory bugs:

I asked someone I know at Apple today about the various Active Directory issues that persist with Leopard. His advice is to escalate the problems with AppleCare, especially if you have one of their premium accounts. Chances are everything you say will be a known issue, but escalating it will be another prompt for Apple to prioritize some fixes. I actually got an apology of sorts from him. He said that this is completely new code and problems should be fixed in the next dot-release or two, but couldn't comment on time scale.

Me, I'm waiting for the day when I can bind just one machine to our domain even once. Till then we have 350 machines here that are definitely sticking with Tiger!

The Mac OS X 10.5.1 update did not fix these problems.

Hugh Burt did some troubleshooting of Leopard's problems binding to Active Directory that many readers have been reporting. He found that Leopard was selecting different servers for LDAP and Kerberos. He discovered a way to get around it:

With Leopard, the Mac seems to ignore the priority settings for LDAP and Kerberos Services in the DNS, hence it kept selecting the DC that was behind the firewall, rather than a local server. The firewall allows LDAP access, but no RPC, Kerberos, etc. so the process would fall over with the unknown error.

As a work around, we added the name of the firewalled server to the machine's hosts file but with an invalid IP number. This then forced the machine to go off and try another server BUT then the binding would fall over right at the end with an "invalid username" message. A console message also said a password could not be changed.

Using wireshark again, we found out that the machine was selecting different servers for LDAP and Kerberos. It was using LDAP to create the account with one server and then using another server and Kerberos to set the machine's password. This second DC would then fail the process because it was not aware of the account that had been created milliseconds previously on the other server. (AD servers take about 15 minutes to replicate) so hence the slightly ambiguous but correct console message.

As a work around, we added all the local DCs to the host file but all with the IP of a single server. This made the machine use the same server for both LDAP and Kerberos and at last we got the machine to bind. Another workaround would be to manually create the account, wait 15 mins for the DCs to replicate so they are all aware of it, and then bind the Mac.

The sys admin also commented that the binding process "really hammers the DNSs" and that PCs do it much more simply. Also 10.5 does not seem to do reverse lookups which 10.3 and 10.4 did.

Hope this might help some people struggling with AD binding and perhaps someone from Apple may read it as well because the AD plug-in really does need some re-writing.

If you've tried this

Jason Bennett sent us report on his progress with editing host files to get around the Active Directory problems in Leopard:

I saw your post on macwindows.com regarding the 10.5 binding and editing the hosts file. I edited /etc/hosts to force all nine of our domain controllers to a single IP. Then I tried to bind and got the invalid username/password deal. Then I pinged the different domain controllers and they were pointing back to their real IPs.

I restarted the computer and pinged again and everything went to the IP I had in hosts. I thought maybe I was in the clear so I tried binding again and I got the same error. I pinged the servers again and they were back to the real IPs.

So I restarted again and pinged the DCs and they were all going off my hosts file again. Opened a terminal and pinged a server as I was trying to bind and it stayed with the hosts file but the computer didn't bind. Stopping and restarting the ping changed it back to the real IP after the bind failure. I then tried this with all of the domain controllers pinging at once as I tried binding and still no luck.

So that's where I'm at now, trying to figure out why binding to AD breaks free from the shackles of /etc/hosts.

Michael Anderson provide another suggestion for working around problems with Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard binding to Active Directory:

I've seen this in several iterations and with several different symptoms. But it's been easy to fix. The problem is that the Leopard implementation is picky.

1. Make sure your time zone is set correctly.
2. Make sure your Date/Time are auto set by the system. Or that it is VERY close to what the AD server is set to (if it's off by just a little it won't work).
3. Make sure your using your full domain, as in "domain.company.ext." Not just the short name for it.
4. Make sure the checkbox to allow domain administrators to administer the box is checked.

That's it. I have had a few different error messages. And if I double-check all four of these things, it has works every time: 18 and counting.

If you've tried Anderson's suggestion if it worked for you.

Keith Cox reports that Apple told him that the problem is with large networks:

We have the same issues with computers not being able to join the domain. I have talked to Apple and we have been told the issue is related to large domain of more than 64 DC's.

Two readers report success with a tip from Wednesday (directly above) on enabling Leopard to bind with Active Directory.

Tom Stovall:

Yes, AD sign-in does work for me if I use a fully-qualified active directory name eg... jrizzo@division.company.ad

Adrian Stancescu focused on Step 4 of Wednesday's tip

With regards to the Michael Anderson's tip, it seems to have worked for me. The only thing I did differently when trying to bind my Mac was Anderson's Step 4, to check the box that allows domain admins to administer the computer.

Everything works now, including accessing the GAL through AdressBook or through the Directory application. I am amazed. I have even managed to log in with my AD account and it worked fine.

We've previously reported several suggestions for overcoming Leopard problems binding to Active Directory, including deleting the original AD Directory Services entry, turning off Bonjour, and editing LDAP and kerberos settings in the hosts file.

Rob Fawcett offers another suggestion that is similar to another previously reported suggestion:

We resolved our binding issues. Try the following:

Ensure DNS is setup correctly, Date and Time is configured to get time from internal AD server. (Change Kerberos Time Sync in Default Group Policy to 180Min)

if this works for you.

Fabien Hory shared a couple of tips for binding Leopard to Active Directory:

Here are a few tips I discovered for Mac OS X 10.5 AD integration.

First of all, if your computer already exists in AD, ask your admin to remove it before trying to reintegrate it and wait until the replication is complete (ask it to your admin).

Another tip that worked for me : after binding the Mac to AD, I wasn't able to login with an AD user. To solve it, I had to uncheck the "create a mobile account" in the AD configuration DialogBox.

If you've tried these suggestions

A reader called Marbil has a suggestion for using Mac OS X Leopard in Active Directory networks:

I am able to bind and login consistently now on 10.5.1. Binding doesn't seem to be the major issue, but logging into the network accounts seems to be the principal issue. Here is my solution:

Before you begin select "Show advanced settings" in the Directory utility. In the Directory utility under Search Policy I clicked the plus sign and added the specific domain I am currently in. By default, the search path is set to All Domains. Selecting the domain I am in resolved the issue for me. After multiple reboots and different test accounts logging in was still possible.

As a test I also unchecked "prefer this domain server" located in the Services tab > Show advanced options > then select the Administrative tab. After a reboot the settings from the search policy tab still held up.

If you’ve tried this suggestion

Before the update was released, a reader name Jay reported that the unreleased beta of Apple's planned Mac OS X 10.5.2 update addressed Leopard's Active Directory bugs:

I can confirm that on any Mac running Leopard Client version 10.5.1, I have had a high failure rate in binding to AD. The common error message is "You have provided an incorrect username and/or password."

AD bind works flawlessly on Tiger. However, I have downloaded the Delta release of Leopard Client 10.5.2 from Apple Developer site and the sucess rate is virtually 100 percent. I have reported this AD feedback to Apple. So clearly, Apple is aware of the AD issues and has updated DirectoryService as part of the 10.5.2 update. I have not had to make any changes to AD, permissions or user authentication.

As to when 10.5.2 GM [golden master] will be publicly released is still unclear.

While some readers are reporting that the Mac OS X 10.5.2 update helps Leopard's problems binding to Active Directory, other readers are still having problems.

For Brian Jackson, the update did the trick:

Just wanted to let you know that the 10.5.2 update did indeed fix the AD binding problems introduced in Leopard. We were never able to successfully bind to AD on our large network (although I never had any problems binding on smaller networks) so we are finally good to go with Leopard.

Jem Dowse still can't bind:

I was anticipating 10.5.2. as the fix that would take me back to the simple Tiger days of binding to Active Directory. Unfortunately the only thing that has changed is the message that's displayed when I try and bind - it freezes at step 4 for "an unknown reason." Investigation reveals that it's still error -14006 that's tripping it up (this used to be displayed in the error message; now I have to dig in the logs for this information!)

So 10.5.2 fixes nothing as far as my Active Directory binding problems are concerned.

The 10.5.2 update fixed Andrew Plant's binding problem, but he still has other issues, including joining a wireless network:

I updated my AL PowerBook G4 to 10.5.2 and was able to finally bind to my company's AD. I also was able to actually login with my user account and create a mobile account.

I tried accessing a network drive as well. It mounted; however, it prompted for credentials which points to a problem with single sign on authentication.

There is another issue when trying to access the Login Items for the user under Accounts in System Preferences. When you click on that tab, it hangs for a while and finally a blank screen comes up. Finally, the biggest problem, after you log out, you can't log back in. It seems to try for a while but then it shakes no. I tried changing things in Directory Access with no resolve.

I also still can't get connected to our WPA2 Enterprise wireless network. It tries to authenticate but just assigns itself it's own IP. I'm willing to bet that there is a serious issue with the OS recognizing the user and their permissions because our wireless LAN uses AD authentication. This would explain why I'm seeing issues logging into a network server as well.

whether Leopard 10.5.2 fixed any of these issues for you.

Andrew Plant sent an update to his report last week (directly above), offering a workaround:

For kicks, I tried using my last name, first name as the username when logging in and wouldn't you know it, it worked consistently! Also, in our AD accounts, we have drives that are automatically set to mount and they do. However, I still have to enter credentials when mounting other network drives. The other issues I mentioned before are still present though. I guess Apple still has some work to do.

If you’ve tried this suggestion

Dave Macrae found a new Active Directory problem after upgrading Mac OS X Leopard to 10.5.2:

I applied 10.5.2 the other night and am able to bind to my Windows 2003 server domain. I cannot login however with an administrator account. The screen just shakes when I try to log in. I've reset the password on the domain. It's the most frustrating thing. I'm at a loss as what to do now except restage my Mac Book Pro and hope for the best.

If you've seen this or have a suggestion

A reader named Nik describes how he enabled Active Directory binding in Leopard 10.5.2:

After a clean install of 10.5 I upgraded to 10.5.2. I then got the error message "The computer is unable to access the domain controller for unknown reason." I found out that domain must resolve to IP, as described in this blog I found. After applying the suggestion, I was able to bind to Active Directory.

The blog starts like this:

Your domain must resolve to the IP address of a domain controller. This was not a requirement in previous versions, but Apple is apparently making it a requirement.

Although Apple said that the Leopard 10.5.2 update fixes issues with Active Directory, Lisa Madden said she still has problems. She fixed it by editing the hosts file:

I upgraded a cleanly installed 10.5.1 Mac with 10.5.2 and still could not bind to AD. Got stuck on the final step, not able to find the DC. There was no way to specify the domain in Directory Service either.

What finally did fix the problem was adding the IP of the DC and the domain into the /etc/hosts file, rebooting Mac, and trying to bind again. Bind went flawlessly then.

Not sure if this is a problem with how our DCs are configured, or with Leopard, but as long as it's working, that is all I care.

If you've tried this

Although Apple says the Leopard 10.5.2 update is supposed to fix Active Directory binding issues, readers are still reporting problems. A couple of readers found fixes in DNS. Steven Bandyk offerred this suggestion:

Like Jem Dowse, who you quoted in your post at macwindows.com, the 10.5.2 did not fix my AD authentication. I have the exact same problems he described.

I have found the problem however. With the assistance of the macadministrators list and the UIC United Mac Users list I realized that I had a DNS problem. It appears our DNS (non-Microsoft) lacks DNS RR SVR records which would point the AD domain to a Domain Controller. If you lookup your domain it should resolve somewhere. e.g., say your DC is "dc1.ad.example.com". You should be able to resolve "ad.example.com".

I'm waiting on the campus AD group to understand what I'm talking about. They don't run DNS. In the mean time, I can bind by adding entries for our domains in /etc/hosts.

If you set DirectoryService into debug mode: > killall -USR1 DirectoryService ... you can find the failed lookup for your domain in the /Library/Logs/ DirectoryService/DirectoryService.debug.log

Noah Willamsson got Leopard 10.5.2 Active Directory binding working by keeping the computers time synced and keeping DNS working:

I got this message while trying to bind to AD: "Unable to access domain controller. This computer is unable to access the domain controller for an unknown reason."

I get this both in the Directory Utility GUI and from the command line (dsconfigad). I got things working with my MacBook Pro upgraded to 10.5.2. The AD servers are running Windows 2003. I was connected to my employer's network with Cisco VPN.

First, when working in a Kerberos environment, it's important to keep time in sync on all involved computers. Secondly, DNS must be working properly as well.

I'm trying to Bind to the domain "galax.hd.se" which have the Domain Controller servers dc1.galax.hd.se and dc2.galax.hd.se.

1. I turned on debugging on the DirectoryService process by killing it with the SIGUSR1 signal and watched /Library/Logs/DirectoryService/DirectoryService.debug.log while trying to bind. The error message popped up shortly after "Step 4/5".

In the debuglog, I found that it complained that "galax.hd.se does not resolve - disabled" and then subsequently faild.

2. I tried to force the thing to use a specific DC hostname by checking "Prefer this domain server" and trying to bind with dc1.galax.hd.se or dc2.galax.hd.se. Both failed.

3. I noticed galax.hd.se didn't have an A record in DNS, i.e, it wouldn't map to an IP-address.

I don't know if this is a problem as it was still able to find out about dc1.galax.hds.e and dc2.galax.hd.se according to stuff in the debuglog (not shown).

What I did to get things working now was to add the following line to /etc/hosts

<ip of dc1.galax.hd.se> galax.hd.se

4. Now I tried to bind again and it worked!

So to summarize what worked for me:

Time must be in sync on all involved computers

DNS must be working

The Active Directory Domain you're trying to bind to should have an address record (A-record) pointing to one of the DC servers.

If you these approaches worked for you

Peter Kloss offers a fix for Leopard Active Directory binding problems:

After my saga with Services for Unix which you kindly posted for me, we have spent a while trying to get the 'native' AD plug-in working in Leopard against our enterprise AD of 10 child domains and around 50 domain controllers. Therefore we have been following with interest the experiences and suggestions of your readers.

Having thought we might have to do most of the painful stuff with debugging Kerberos as described in your reports, we then discovered a blog that held the answers. We had already accidentally discovered that putting the DOMAIN we were trying to bind to into /etc/hosts, eg: an entry like Childdomain.rootdomain.com xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx allowed us to bind and login with a domain admin account. But normal user logons did not work for two out of three attempts to do this.

We followed suggestion (2) in the blog about turning off 'allow authentication from any domain' AND added the target AD domain to the search path - (click on the search path tab in the directory utility and the '+' at the bottom left - it then pops up a list of available domains) - I clicked on 'my' domain in the list, and then put it above 'All Domains' in the search order. Then applied and quit the Directory Utility. We can log in with ordinary user accounts, and quite speedily in most cases without having to turn off bonjour (as others have suggested).

If you've tried this fix

Matt Short reports that turning off IPv6, which has been reported to help with a number of Leopard problems, also helped him with another Active Directory problem:

Have you had any responses of folks being able to bind to the Active Directory network, mounting a volume, but then losing all privileges as soon as a file is being opened? Let me explain:

• Brand new MacBook Pro, fresh out of the box
• Using Directory Utility I can bind to windows domain terminal can read computer profile in AD
• Server 2003 can "see" computer in AD users & computers
• Connect to a server (listed under "shared" in the panel to the left of a Finder window) with windows network admin privileges
• View a file server, open and mount a shared folder (mounts as a volume on the mac)
• Open a file (so far any Excel spreadsheet)
• Get an error: 'file_name.xls' cannot be accessed....
• Mounted volume disappears
• Windows 2003 server no longer has computer "macbook" listed in AD "computers"

I'm running 10.5.2. I was on the phone with Apple Tech Support for about an hour and half Thursday night. They sent the problem to the Apple Engineers. What seemed to help some is turing off IPv6. At least then, I could open some files, although not all. The biggest problem was Excel documents in Excel 2004 11.3.7. Interestingly enough, some of the smaller spreadsheets would open fine in Numbers '08, but have permission problems in Excel. Word documents, text files, etc were all okay after IPv6 was turned off.

If you've seen this problem

Stuart Sims reports a problem with Mac OS X 10.5.2 and 10.5.3 logging onto Active Directory. The first user has no problem, but users after that get a "login failed" error message. He also found a fix:

I am seeing an issue when authenticating from an OS X 10.5 client using a Windows 2003 AD for authentication and home directory storage. I've tried this on a few networks now with various configurations including Windows 2000. When logging in with an OS X 10.5 client bound to the AD and to an Apple Server Open Directory the first AD user that logs in follow a reboot is authenticated without a problem and the user logs in as expected. Any subsequent AD users that try to log on receive the error 'Logging into the account failed because an error occurred' and the following error is logged:

05/06/2008 14:35:00 authorizationhost[283] ERROR | -[HomeDirMounter mountNetworkHomeWithURL:attributes:dirPath:username:] | PremountHomeDirectoryWithAuthentication( url=smb://testserver.test.internal/testuser$,
homedir=/Network/Servers/testserver.test.internal/testuser$, name=testuser ) returned

I get the same result with 10.5.2 and 10.5.3.

The Kerberos authentication goes through OK when analyzing packets but for some reason the home directory won't mount for subsequent users unless you reboot, also if the first user that logged in tries to login again they are able to do so, but only them.

With a bit of digging I found that the first users home area is being held open/mounted. Logged on as a local administrator I tried to 'umount -A -f' i.e. umount all volumes, the first user connection was listed but would not unmount.

The Fix:

I resolved the issue by editing the following files as described:

/etc/automount

[[Note: another readers says the above file should be /etc/hostconfig -Ed.]]

Replace AUTOMOUNT=-YES- with AUTOMOUNT=-NO-

/etc/auto_master

Hash out the following lines:

#/net -hosts -nobrowse,nosuid
#/home auto_home -nobrowse
#/Network/Servers -fstab

Basically, as far as I can see this disables all automount features which is fine for AD Integrated setups which don't use any automount features and that have home directories stored on the Windows Servers.

If you've tried this fix for this problem

Alan Auman said that his logins are "horrendously slow:"

While I've been able to bind my Leopard upgrades to AD, the login for an AD user account takes up to 3 minutes to complete. Disengaging screensavers when using an the AD account credentials also suffers from this delay.

Leslie Wong verified a previous report of very slow AD connections, but offered an odd workaround. She also reports a problem waking from sleep:

I have two Macs in a Windows Server 2003 environment (a ".local" domain) and was able to bind to the AD after a clean install of Leopard. But logins, like Alan Auman's, were "horrendously slow." Also, any operation that required administrator authentication were similarly slow.

I found, in the Apple discussions, that turning off Bonjour immediately stopped the problem. Logins were as fast as they were in Tiger. But turning off Bonjour caused other problems, such as not being able to start Aperture.

I also noticed a problem that when the Leopard machine wakes from Sleep, it was not always able to communicate with the domain. The Directory Utility would indicate that the ADD was not responding normally and a reboot was required for it to be "responding normally" again.

Tim Adams says that Active Directory binding works in Leopard 10.5.2 works, but Tiger was better:

Binding to AD seems to work fine now on 10.5.2 however I still have about a 60 second delay at the login and unlock screens when using an AD account. I have followed others' advice and use the FQDN (username@my.domain) for my username and that seems to make things snappier. So far Leopard is no Tiger in the AD integration space.

If you've seen this issue

Several readers responded to Monday's report about slow logons to Active Directory in the Leopard 10.5.2 update. John Malpas in the United Kingdom said:

We are rebuilding (erasing the drives before installing the OS) all the Macs in the business to 10.5.2 using AD (mobile accounts) where the home directories are on an XServe (running 10.4.11). We are seeing the same as most people - it takes ages to log on, if at all. Sometimes you can log in sometimes can't. We're finding it all very frustrating.

Reader named Aj also complained about performance:

I have seen this issue after getting some new iMacs with Leopard 10.5.1 and finding an article about binding them to Active Directory. I followed the article, and it worked, but it was just way too sluggish…

I finally abandoned the idea because it just did not seem worth the benefit. While AD integration might be convenient, I thankfully am not in a situation where it is required.

Apple has listed Active Directory binding problems as a problem that the Leopard 10.5.2 update fixed. Leopard has had AD binding issues since 10.5.0.

Mark Walsh verified that disabling Bonjour fixes the slow Active Directory login problems with Leopard.

I had a similar problem, was taking about 2mins to authenticate. Disabling bonjour fixed the problem straight away. Check out this link.

If you've tried this

H. Barnes describes having the problem with the 10.5.2 update:

AD integration seems to work very well, except that authentication has like a 1-2 minute delay still (was more like 3-5min before). Tiger is instantaneous, seems silly that Leopard is still having this awful delay after AD supposedly being "fixed."

Jeff Geerling:

I have had this problem as well; all the Macs I've been able to bind to the directory (a few of them with fresh installs of Leopard, and a couple with upgrades from Tiger) take at least two minutes to authenticate a user. This is completely impractical for our situation (a school setting), where students often come to the computer lab to just check their email or print a document.

The PCs in the lab have always logged in in less than 10 seconds, while the Macs always used to take about 20. Now, the Macs take so long that students give up on them and go over to a PC. We'll probably end up reinstalling Tiger on them unless we can find a fix soon.

We've received more mixed reports about turning off Bonjour as workaround to slow Active Directory login in Leopard.

It worked for H. Barnes, who sent us a suggestion and a theory:

I tried disabling bonjour and it works like a charm. There is a small app called iServeBox (v1.04) for the terminal faint of heart that allows disabling Leopard services.

I did some more research on this and it appears it is actually an issue with OS X use of .local and Bonjour. This conflict only appears in domains that do internal authentication ending in .local (for example, example.domain.local). This has been standard move for many single-site businesses since server 2003 and it seems ridiculous that Apple got blind-sighted by this.

Colin Leyden in the United Kingdom confirmed the workaround:

I can confirm that disabling Bonjour does indeed fix the slow Active Directory login problem. As noted by others, login previously took 2 minutes. This was cut to 5-10 seconds after disabling Bonjour. (Windows Sever 2003, Mac OS X 10.5.2 client)

Turning off Bonjour did not help Jeff Geerling:

When I disabled Bonjour using the instructions linked to in your February 25 posting, I could no longer login using any AD names at all; it would give me the 'no' shake, and I can now only login with the local administrator password. I'll have to re-enable Bonjour and suffer through the long login time.

A pair of readers commented on our reports of slow Active Directory logon with Leopard 10.5.2. Jeff Geerling, who has previously reported that turning of Bonjour fixed the problem, also notes the same potential cause in the .local suffix:

It's my hope that someone figures out a solution for everyone. I don't know if this has anything to do with the problem, but our AD server ends in ".local," which is the suffix that is also used by Bonjour.

Daniel Costello also confirmed the workaround:

I can also verify that turning off Bonjour solved the slow login problem. We are faced with figuring this out since some laptops being shipped today are quirky when Tiger is installed (they ship with Leopard). After disabling Bonjour, the 3-minute log ins went to 5 seconds. Also, the 5-minute binding duration dropped to less than 10 seconds.

Peter Kloss said that the Leopard 10.5.3 update fixed his Leopard Active Directory problem. It also added a small glitch, which Kloss was able to fix:

I wrote to you a little while back about getting 10.5.2 to bind to our multi-child domain AD forest, that we had to modify the hosts file with an entry for our domain (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx mydomain.com for example) and to uncheck the 'allow authentication by any domain controller in the forest' option. Well it looks like 10.5.3 fixed both those problems on the one test system I've tried so far (took my 10.5.2 out of AD, commented out domain entry in hosts, rebooted, added back in to AD).

However, the add back in to AD was not entirely trouble free. I had put the computer account into another OU than 'Computers.' This caused a problem at the end of the bind process: a box came up and claimed that the OU, entered in the correct case and syntax, did not exist. This was even though it used the path to find an existing computer account and asked to overwrite it earlier in the process! I put the computer account back in to 'computers' and all worked! This could be a one-off, I haven't had a chance to repeat the test.

how the 10.5.3 update affected your cross-platform Leopard-specific Active Directory issues.

Khaled Yassin reported a new problem when he updated Leopard Server to 10.5.3. He also found a fix:

The following happened the day I upgraded the Open Directory Server from 10.5.2 to 10.5.3. When any Windows user tried to connect to a Mac OS X file server it didn't authenticate. At first I thought they'd forgotten their password. But when I asked users to change password (that met the password policy). It gave the same result: authentication refused. To solve it, I put in a simple password, such as "abc" or "123," and then asked user to recreate the old password. The surprise that it now works.

If you’ve seen this issue or tried this approach

Kent Barnes is having problems seeing files with Leopard 10.5.3 and Thursby's ADmitMac:

I finally got my shared directories from our Windows 2003 server to mount/auto mount in 10.5.3 (using ADmitMac for the auto mounting and joining to the domain).

Yesterday, everything was great. I saw all the files in the Publishing shared directory (probably 125 to 175 individual files and sub directories).

Today, I booted the Mac, signed on to the domain. The Publishing directory mounted, but I can only see one sub directory and three files. I've tried rebooting several times--same thing each time.

I've worked my posterior off finally getting some Macs in this organization (being a Mac user since the mid-80's). But the number of things that are breaking integration/network wise with 10.5.3 is just about to push me into pulling them all off the network and going back to a 100 percent Windows setup.

If you've seen this issue

Devin Comiskey echos a previous report that the Leopard 10.5.3 updated did not fix Active Directory binding issues:

I'll echo the complaints about 10.5 and AD. There is NO improvement with 10.5.3. This is proving very troublesome for some of our remote users when I'm not around. Luckily each machine has a local admin account I can remotely log in to and re-bind. But often I have to unbind and rebind a few times plus a restart or two before the problems are fixed. I wish I had just installed 10.4.11 on these machines instead.

If you've seen this problem

Matt Klusza is having problems logging into Active Directory from Leopard. He keeps getting an error message saying that the username and password are incorrect. He said he checked our Leopard/Active Directory Tips and Reports page and could not find any information. Klusza's report:

I am struggling to fix a small error here related to Leopard 10.5 Directory Utility.

We have a department room with 10 Mac Pros on Ethernet. Each Mac Pro is bound to Active Directory by Directory Utility. No local accounts because students have their Active Directory username/passwords. No LDAP configuration.

A student told me that he couldn't log in. I tried with my username and it won't let me log in, either. I then logged in as a local admin since I am an Apple Technician and clicked on System Preference's Date/Time Pref pane and set up correct time zone and locked it. Next, I opened Directory Utility application and clicked "Services" icon and clicked on "Active Directory". I unbinded this computer ID and re-binded with correct "Network Administrator Required" username and password provided by our ITS Department. The box appeared saying that I entered an incorrect username/password.

I had to ask my ITS Department Network Administrator to remove this specific computer ID off from the server for me to re-bind this. After the removal of this specific computer ID, I attempted to re-bind and it wont let me to due of incorrect username/password. I am completely puzzled.

I also am trying to find a specific folder to clean up Directory Utility's caches. I know we can delete caches from Tiger 10.4's /Library/Managed Preferences folder. But I can't do the same thing with Leopard since Leopard killed "Netinfo". Is there a way for me to clean up the cache on Leopard or any advices would be appreciated.

If you have a suggestion

Unbinding/rebinding a workaround to Leopard Active Directory login problems

Two readers sent in workarounds to the problems of Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard Macs losing Active Directory binding, having problems logging in. Both have to do with kerberos, but are different approaches. (We'd like to if you've tried these.) The first reader uses the Kerberos Utility to do a slight reconfiguration. The second reader uses Terminal to delete a corrupt kerberos file.

Eugene Brodsky in Ontario, Canada, uses the Kerberos Utility. The unbinding/ binding suggestion from last week didn't work, but this does... Read entire story here

A number of readers responded to our February 19 TIP: Two kerberos-related workarounds for Macs losing Active Directory binding. Several readers verified one or the other of the two February 19 tips, some with variations. One reader added some steps to one of the tips. Another reader received an explanation from Apple, as well as a suggestion that was different than the February 19 suggestions. Two additional readers also offered different fixes than those already presented. To summarize, the two fixes previously report are... Read entire story here